Example: It is possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality”
Do not use double quotation marks around the outside of a block quote. If the quoted material crosses a paragraph break, use a block quote even if the quoted material is less than 4 lines. Indent the first line of the second paragraph to indicate that it is the start of a new paragraph.
Cite short quotes after the closing quotation marks, but before the closing punctuation. For example: Dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184). If a short quote is used in the middle of a sentence of your own words, cite immediately after the quote. For example: According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. With block quotes, type the parenthetical citation outside the closing punctuation.
Example: Margaret Atwood wants her readers to see that “[r]eading is also a process and it also changes [them]” (30). You may also need to adjust for tense. For example: According to Margaret Atwood, reading can “also change[ ] you” (30). The brackets around the space indicate that the s was removed from the end of the word changes. If you find that you’re having to change a significant portion of the quotation, try recasting your own surrounding sentences so that the quotation fits better. You might also want to paraphrase it rather than using a direct quotation.
Example: Wang, Koh, Song, and Hou hypothesized that “compared with their Asian American counterparts, European American[s] . . . would endorse more self, social and emotion regulation functions and less [sic] directive functions” (28). Avoid going overboard with your sic notations. Use it only for typographical or grammatical errors, not to make editorial statements about the word choice of your source. If a passage has too many errors, either try to find a more authoritative reference or paraphrase the source.
Example: According to one scholar, “There are many indications that many of Picasso’s circle [. . . ] already saw Picasso and Matisse as [. . . ] the two rival personalities most likely to influence the course of twentieth century painting” (Golding 155).
Example: Several commentators have suggested that “business education may have a deleterious effect on the morality and ethics of managers” (Assudani et. al. , 2011, p. 104).
Example: In fact, “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (Palladino & Wade, 2010, p. 147). If you include the names of the authors in your text, don’t include them in the parenthetical citation. Place a parenthetical with the year after the authors’ names, then include a parenthetical with the page number at the end of the quotation. For example: According to Palladino and Wade (2010), “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147). If you include the year and the names of the authors in your text, your parenthetical would only include the page number. For example: In 2010, Palladino and Wade noted that “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147).
Unlike with in-line quotations, the parenthetical citation at the end of the block quote is placed after the closing punctuation. [10] X Research source
Format the text exactly as it appears in the original source. However, if you want to emphasize certain words or phrases in the quotation, you can italicize them. Type “emphasis added” in the parenthetical following the quotation. For example: The APA’s Publication Manual (2010) states that “the first letter of the first word in a quotation may be changed to an uppercase or a lowercase letter” without noting this change in the citation (p. 172, emphasis added).
For example, suppose your original source states “when they get the diploma, they’ll more likely get the job. " You want to use this quotation in your paper, but it’s unclear who they are in the quotation. You could use the noun in your sentence, or you could change the first they to the subject noun: “when [students] get the diploma, they’ll more likely get the job. "
Example: The study questioned the effectiveness of the new drug, since “sickness occurred even when reel [sic] drugs were administered” (Miele, 1993, p. 124).
For example, you could write: To make a high-performing employee visible to the community, “some industries have formal rankings that broadcast the best and brightest workers . . . , and some organizations provide companywide performance results and publicly recognize top performers” (Call et al. , 2015, p. 629). Do not place ellipsis points at the beginning or end of a quotation.
Text example: Martin Luther King Jr. said of the Emancipation Proclamation, “This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering justice. “7 Footnote example: 7. Martin Luther King Jr. , “I Have a Dream” (speech, Washington, DC, August 28, 1963), American Rhetoric, http://www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/mlkihaveadream. htm.
Typically, 100 words are 5 lines or more. If you’re unsure, type the quote out and highlight it on your word processing program to get the word count. Also use block quotes if you’re quoting a passage that crosses 2 paragraphs, such as the last sentence of one paragraph and the first sentence of the next, even if the quoted portion is less than 100 words.
Example: Salman Rushdie, The Ground beneath Her Feet (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), 25. If the source is not paginated, use a chapter or paragraph number, if available. For example: Mullan, How Novels Work, chap. 2, Recollections.
For example: Looking back on her life with multiple sclerosis, Nancy Mairs declares that “[she] was never a beautiful woman, and for that reason [she has] spent most of [her] life . . . suffering from the shame of falling short of an unattainable standard. "
For example, if the text of your source said “sickness occurred even when reel drugs were administered,” you could change it in your quote to read “sickness occurred even when real drugs were administered. "
For example, suppose you want to quote an original passage from Thoreau that reads “Man’s capacities have never been measured; nor are we to judge of what he can do by any precedents, so little has been tried. " If you wanted to leave out the middle clause, you would write “Man’s capacities have never been measured; . . . so little has been tried. " The semi-colon is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct. The comma is not. Ellipsis points normally are not used to show an omission either at the beginning or the end of the quotation. However, if the start or stop of your quote interrupts a thought, the ellipsis may be necessary for clarification. Use your own best judgment, or ask your instructor or advisor for guidance.
